基于商业生态系统的数字音乐版权管理路径探究——以QQ音乐为例

2014年全球数字音乐收入与实体音乐收入首次持平，但针对于数字音乐盗版、非法使用等版权问题频出。基于商业生态系统视角，联系数字音乐版权管理发展的背景，以腾讯QQ音乐付费版权管理为例，尝试揭示数字音乐版权管理的商业生态现象，构建以QQ音乐为中心的商业生态系统模型，及探究其付费版权管理路径传导机制，并从政府、数字音乐服务商，数字音乐技术提供者、消费者等角度为数字音乐付费版权管理路径更好的工作提出合理化建议，以期对促进我国数字音乐版权管理的健康发展建言献策。     

基于生态系统服务改进的中国各地农业生态效率研究

[目的]为提高全国农业资源利用率,推动建立资源节约型与环境友好型的可持续"两型农业",对中国农业生态效率展开研究发现,农田生态系统服务是农业生产的重要产出,但在当前生态效率研究中未得到充分体现。文章通过量化农田生态系统服务价值,有利于权衡农产品供需关系,更好以农田生态系统给人类社会带来的福利为目标来开展农业生产。[方法]文章将生态系统服务价值作为期望产出之一,将全国划分为东部地区、东北地区、中部地区和西部地区的4个农业效率研究区域。运用非期望产出数据包络分析方法,计算2014年中国30个省(市、自治区)的农业生态效率,并分析其主要影响因素。[结果](1)中国农业生态效率整体水平良好,平均值为0.945,在空间上表现为东部东北西部中部的空间分布格局。(2)影响全国农业生态效率的关键因素为土地投入、机械投入、化肥投入和水资源投入。农业生态系统服务指标与农业生态效率呈正向相关。土地、农药、劳动力、机械、水资源、化肥、农膜和能源投入、农业产值及碳排放均与之呈负向相关。其中农药投入是最为显著的抑制因子,控制农药投入是提升全国农业效率核心因素。(3)中国农业生态效率空间分异格局是多层影响因素叠加而成,中国农业生态效率损失的原因主要在于资源要素消耗的过量与农业碳排放过多。[结论]中国农业生态效率整体上发展较好,但各省市的农业生态效率水平存在较大差异,仍有上升的空间。从投入产出冗余角度来看,目前中国农业生态效率损失的原因主要在于资源要素消耗的过量与农业碳排放过多。在发展中着重加大区域对农业土地的开发投入、推广机械科学技术、减少化肥等污染物投入与提高水资源的利用效率,发展用水技术,保障农业的可持续发展。     

杭州湾围垦耕地土壤生态系统服务变化特征及阈值分析

研究目的：尝试构建长时间序列下的围垦耕地土壤生态系统服务评估方法体系，通过杭州湾围垦区实证研究，探索围垦耕地土壤生态系统服务的长期变化特征和关键阈值，为存量围垦耕地资源的可持续利用和适应性治理提供参考。研究方法：时空替代法、分段线性回归模型。研究结果：（1）根据土壤生态系统服务理论，构建基于“人类需求—服务类别—关键服务—评价指标”的围垦耕地土壤生态系统服务评价指标体系；（2）由于持续的土壤改良和农业管理措施，围垦耕地土壤生态系统服务显著高于自然滩涂土壤，并随围垦时间延长不断提高；（3）杭州湾围垦耕地土壤生态系统服务对围垦时间的响应呈现显著阈值效应，在围垦后74 a左右，土壤生态系统服务出现“急剧提高—稳定增长”突变特征。研究结论：（1）本文评价体系与方法为沿海围垦耕地评价和耕地保护研究提供了一种新的思路，也为围垦土地的农业生产管理提供有益借鉴；（2）围垦耕地土壤生态系统服务变化具有阶段性，应根据不同围垦年限对围垦耕地采取差异性的管控措施。     

南水北调中线水源区十堰市复合生态系统能值分析

针对南水北调中线水源区十堰市日益突出的生态环境问题,构建十堰市复合生态系统。运用能值分析方法绘制系统能值图,建立十堰市复合生态系统能值指标体系,测算并研究2003—2016年十堰市复合生态系统能值指标变化规律。结果表明:十堰市复合生态系统能值输出增加,但自给能力下降,对外部资源依赖程度加深;能值产出对经济贡献增大,但工程通水后对外利益交流减少,居民生活水平及单位面积能值利用效率提升,环境治理压力增大,同时废弃物排放得到有效控制;复合生态系统逐渐转变为高消费型,可持续发展能力降低;与水源区其他城市相比,十堰市复合生态系统能值自给、环境承载及可持续发展能力较强,但经济发展及居民生活水平较低。     

RegTech: Theory and Practice in Technology Driven Financial Regulation

As a disruptive innovation, FinTech has posed risks in the financial industry that are more unidentifiable, sweeping, disruptive and influential. Given these new developments, deeper regulatory reform has become necessary to safeguard national financial security, and prevent and dissolve financial risks. On March 11, 2021, the 14th Five-Year Plan1 endorsed by the Fourth Session of the 13th National People’s Congress stressed that China will improve the modern financial regulatory system and shore up our weaknesses in the regulatory system, and boost the application of regulatory technology and financial innovation risk assessment. This marks that the establishment of a technology-driven financial regulatory framework has been put on the agenda. Based on an analysis of the essential implications and drivers of RegTech innovation, this paper discusses the theoretical logic of RegTech innovation. Technology enables intelligent regulatory processes, efficient information processing and robust risk control. The restructuring of the regulatory system has revealed shifts in regulatory paradigms. These include a shift from passive response to proactive change, a shift toward positive interactions between regulators and industry players, as well as more close coordination among regulators. These changes have resulted in more adaptable and efficient regulation. After summarizing foreign experience and Chinese practice, this paper presents optimal pathways for RegTech innovation in China in the following aspects: consolidating the rule-of-law foundation for RegTech innovation, speeding up institutional reforms, improving policy services, strengthening infrastructure development, and building multiparty cooperation mechanisms. This study serves as a reference for building a technology-centric modern financial regulatory system and a sound environment for FinTech development.     

从企业创新系统到创新生态系统：创新系统研究的演变及其比较

创新的系统范式是技术创新研究的核心内容。从发展观看,它经历了企业创新系统、国家创新系统、区域创新系统、产业创新系统、创新生态系统等五个阶段,这些系统范式既相互联系,又相互区别。通过对其进行比较和分析,包括对国家创新系统、区域创新系统与产业创新系统之间的比较,以及创新生态系统与创新系统的比较,一方面,可以让人们能更好地识别它们,把握每种范式的本质特征;另一方面,可以更清楚地了解目前的研究现状和不足之处,以确定未来的研究方向。     

Entrepreneurial Ecosystems as Amplifiers of the Lean Startup Philosophy: Management Control Practices in Earliest-Stage Startups*

Entrepreneurial ecosystems play a key role in the development of startups not only by providing support—such as flexible office space and access to skilled employees, mentors, and investors—but moreover by promoting concrete ideals about “good” entrepreneurship. However, we know less about the role that ecosystems play in managerial practices of startups. In our empirical analysis of management control systems (MCSs) in earliest-stage startups, we witness a strong influence of entrepreneurial ideals—above all, the Lean Startup philosophy—on the MCSs analyzed. Building on cross-sectional field study data resulting from a comprehensive field-immersion strategy and 50 interviews with key actors in an entrepreneurial ecosystem as well as with founder-managers of startups, we consider the entrepreneurial ecosystem as a collective meso-level community that mediates between macro-level institutional pressures and micro-level practices of startups. We show how this community, through a variety of what we term amplifying mechanisms, actively deinstitutionalizes a legacy entrepreneurial philosophy epitomized by the business plan concept. At the same time, the community propagates the Lean Startup philosophy so that this alternative has become the dominant institutional philosophy in the studied ecosystem and its startups. Due to the amplifying mechanisms exerted by the meso level, startups use MCSs that play a crucial role in the rapid experimentation and learning process toward finding a scalable business model that is characteristic of the Lean Startup philosophy. We highlight that this philosophy of scientific experimentation has, to a significant degree, transformed intuitive entrepreneurial processes into a set of transactions that can be steered and accelerated by MCSs.     

The HR ecosystem framework: Examining strategic HRM tensions in knowledge-intensive organizations with boundary-crossing professionals

In this article, we use Snell & Morris' (2021) new HR ecosystem framework to empirically examine strategic fit and alignment tensions for knowledge-intensive organizations and professional knowledge workers. Rich data were collected through in-depth interviews with 75 members of faculty engaged in knowledge-intensive work for Business and Management Schools (B&M), and the analysis of strategy documents. The application of the framework enables us to contribute to dynamic capabilities theory and SHRM in four ways. Firstly, drawing on the findings, we propose an adapted HR Ecosystem framework for analyzing knowledge-intensive organizations, which incorporates tensions across the four subsystems of an HR ecosystem (strategy, capabilities, composition, and cultures). These tensions are shaped by interactions within and between levels (meso, macro and micro) and ecosystems. Secondly, our findings underscore the need for knowledge-intensive organizations to engage with a plurality of collaborative and competing internal and external stakeholder interests, including those of knowledge workers who constitute key organizational stakeholders. Thirdly, our analysis shows how the views and behaviors of internal organizational stakeholders are affected by ecosystem dynamics within and beyond the physical boundaries of an organization. Fourthly, we reveal how conflicting organizational cultures connect with other HR ecosystem subsystems to constrain collegialism and cohesion. By evidencing how knowledge-intensive organizations are in a constant flux of alignment and misalignment, the article demonstrates the value of the HR ecosystem framework in examining and informing SHRM in organizations in other industries.     

The impact of bank FinTech on liquidity creation: Evidence from China

This paper examines whether and how bank FinTech affects liquidity creation. Using panel data from Chinese commercial banks over the period 2008–2019 and bank-level FinTech indices constructed by a textual analysis method, we find robust evidence that banks with greater FinTech development create more liquidity for the public. This effect operates through deposit inflow, risk management, and cost efficiency channels. Furthermore, we find that the positive effect of bank FinTech on liquidity creation is more pronounced for banks with non-state ownership, unlisted status, and less liquidity creation.     

“双创”背景下金融科技助力大学生创业融资的创新研究

融资是大学生创业过程中面临的重要难题。通过对比分析国内外直接融资平台，发现针对大学生的融资专项业务不多。基于此，创新性地提出“校轻投”仿真直接融资平台，利用区块链技术和智能合约赋能大学生创业融资，降低信息不对称，提高融资效率。平台主要面向大学生创业群体，为不同类型的大学生创新创业者提供模拟融资的机会。在平台中，用户模拟融资活动，财务风险低，为促进大学生创业项目转化打造了良好安全的创业环境。同时，平台为投资者提供了寻找潜在投资项目的渠道，有利于培养大学生投资风险管理意识，积累投资经验。